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Hattusa, the ancient capital of the Hittite Empire, once stood as one of the most prominent cities in the ancient world that had significant influence over the Anatolia region of Turkey and northern Syria. Now designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1986, the archaeological site of Hattusa is a place that is famed for preserving a wealth of ancient temples, fortifications, and royal residences, which offer a fascinating glimpse into the rich history of the Hittite Empire.
In addition to Hattusa, this region also features several other noteworthy Hittite sites awaiting to be explored, such as Alacahöyük, Yazilikaya, Sapinuwa, and Kültepe. These sites provide further insight into the vast extent and influence of the Hittite Empire, which flourished during the late Bronze Age approximately 4,000 years ago.
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At its zenith, the Hittite kingdom extended from the Aegean through Anatolia across northern Syria to the Euphrates River, making Hattusa one of the largest and most important cities of its time. Its significance in history is understood by its UNESCO World Heritage listing and the meticulous preservation of its ancient structures, including the renowned Royal Gate, and Lions Gate.
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Excavations at Hattusa have yielded a treasure trove of archaeological discoveries, including the Bogazkoy Archive, an extensive collection of clay tablets documenting various aspects of Hittite civilization. These tablets provide valuable insights into ancient prophecies, legal codes, peace treaties, and other literature of the time, shedding light on the customs and culture of this ancient civilisation.
The ancient city, believed to have had a population of around 40,000-50,000 inhabitants at its peak, was fortified by an extensive wall encompassing approximately 5 miles or 8 kilometers, dotted with more than 100 towers and adorned with five gateways, three of which are richly decorated.
Despite its historical significance, Hattusa remained undiscovered until 1834, challenging earlier perceptions that the Hittite Empire was merely a myth. Today, visitors can explore the ancient city and marvel at its architectural marvels, including large sculptures dating back thousands of years.
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In addition to Hattusa, visitors can explore other Hittite sites in the region, each offering unique insights into the civilisation’s history and legacy. Yazilikaya, located just a mile northeast of Hattusa, boasts remarkable Hittite relief art and ancient ceremonial chambers, while Alacahöyük, the former Hittite capital, showcases impressive ruins from the Bronze Age.
For those eager to delve into ancient history, Hattusa and its surrounding Hittite sites offer a captivating journey back in time, providing a deeper understanding of one of the greatest empires of antiquity. With its rich archaeological heritage and wealth of discoveries, this region of Turkey promises an unforgettable exploration of the ancient world.
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