Galactic Wonders: Hubble Explores a Supernova Factory

By ESA/Hubble May 6, 2024

The spiral galaxy UGC 9684, displayed in this Hubble Space Telescope image, is located in the constellation Boötes and exhibits features like a central bar and surrounding halo. It was highlighted due to a 2020 supernova and is known for its frequent supernova events and active star formation, making it a focal point for astronomers. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, C. Kilpatrick

Located 240 million light-years away, UGC 9684 is recognized for its regular production of supernovae and new stars, earning the spotlight in recent Hubble observations due to its dynamic characteristics and importance in astronomical studies.

The celestial object showcased in this week’s Hubble Picture of the Week is the spiral galaxy UGC 9684, which lies around 240 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Boötes. This image shows an impressive example of several classic galactic features, including a clear bar in the galaxy’s center, and a halo surrounding its disc.

The impetus for this Hubble image was a study into the host galaxies of Type-II supernovae. These cataclysmic stellar explosions take place throughout the Universe, and are of great interest to astronomers, so automated surveys scan the night sky and attempt to catch sight of them. The supernova that brought UGC 9684 to Hubble’s attention occurred during 2020. It has faded from view in this image, which was taken in 2023.

Remarkably, the 2020 supernova in this galaxy isn’t the only one that’s been seen there — four supernova-like events have been spotted in UGC 9684 since 2006, putting it up there with the most active supernova-producing galaxies. It turns out that UGC 9684 is a quite active star-forming galaxy, calculated as producing one solar mass worth of stars every few years! This level of stellar formation makes UGC 9684 a veritable supernova factory, and a galaxy to watch for astronomers hoping to examine these exceptional events.

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