All three loci individually and their joint analysis support the monophyly of the genus and paraphyly of the horned lark in respect to the Temminck's lark. Finally, we suggest splitting the currently recognized horned lark into five Palearctic and one Nearctic species.
The comparison of the divergence date estimates of different trees with the available paleontological data suggest that the nuclear species trees and multilocus species trees significantly underestimate divergence dates.
The presence of interspecific mtDNA far away from the current hybrid zones has been identified in some avian autosomes and sex chromosomes ppt airport in Ann Arbor [11]but sampling of closely related taxa readily identifies such cases.
Drovetski SV, Zink RM, Ericson PGP, Fadeev IV A multi-locus study of pine grosbeak phylogeography supports the pattern of greater intercontinental divergence in Holarctic boreal forest birds compared to birds inhabiting other high-latitude habitats.
Keagle eds. All Palearctic clades were geographically concordant Fig. In a recent study of rosyfinches Fringillidae: LeucosticteACO1I9 and autosomal melanocortin 1 receptor gene MC1R failed to identify structuring among species that had a similar level of divergence in the ND2 tree to that of Eremophila clades.
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Retrieved Molecular Biology and Evolution. Our data also show that the intrataxon geographic pattern of mtDNA variation is correlated with the ecological and phenotypic variation and should not be readily dismissed as the result of stochasticity of demographic and evolutionary processes.
Molecular Biology and Evolution — A recent study of the phylogeny of the family Alaudidae found deep divergence among horned lark mtDNA Cytochrome- b cyt- b haplotypes sampled in distant parts of the species range [27].
The habitats of the horned lark include arctic and alpine tundra, arid lands with sparse vegetation, and agricultural fields [17] , [20]. Samples used in this study and GenBank accession numbers. All three loci and the multilocus species tree identified paraphyly of the horned lark in respect to the Temminck's lark and therefore, suggest the need for taxonomic revision of Eremophila.
In one run we used a strict clock prior and in the other relaxed lognormal clock prior. In contrast to other four Nearctic clades, clade B had the largest range and overlapped substantially with all other clades Fig. Multilocus species trees based on two nuclear or all three loci provided poor support for haplogroups identified by mtDNA.