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A zgjoheni herët në mëngjes? Ndoshta keni trashëguar gjenet e Neandertalit

December 16, 2023
in Entertainment
A zgjoheni herët në mëngjes? Ndoshta keni trashëguar gjenet e Neandertalit
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Sipas një studimi të ri, disa njerëz mund të kenë trashëguar variante gjenetike nga paraardhësit e zhdukur që mund të ndikojnë në orën e sotme cirkadiane.

A ngriheni lehtë herët në mëngjes? Ju mund të keni trashëguar gjenet e Neandertalëve, të cilët kishin zakone të mëngjesit. Një studim i botuar në Genome Biology and Evolution zbuloi se ADN-ja e Neandertalit mbeti në disa njerëz modernë dhe mund të përcaktojë nëse një person është natyrisht një person që zgjohet herët.

Megjithëse ora biologjike e njeriut është një veçori komplekse e formuar nga normat sociale dhe kulturore, si dhe, natyrisht, nga gjenetika, neandertalët, të cilët evoluan në zona më të ftohta në Evropë dhe Azi ku jetuan për qindra mijëra vjet, mund të jenë përshtatur më mirë në variacionet sezonale në dritën e ditës sesa Homo sapiens, i cili evoluoi në gjerësi më afër ekuatorit në Afrikë, ku ka më pak ndryshime në orët e ditës.

“Është e mundur që përshtatja ndaj ndryshimeve në sasinë e dritës së ditës iu kalua Homo sapiensit të hershëm ndërsa ata u zhvendosën nga Afrika drejt veriut, ku u takuan dhe u ndërthurën dhe ndonjëherë u çiftuan me Neandertalët, të cilët u zhdukën rreth 40,000 vjet më parë.” tha John Capra, gjenetist dhe epidemiolog në Universitetin e Kalifornisë në Shtetet e Bashkuara, një nga autorët e veprës. Ndërsa shumica e gjeneve që njerëzit modernë fituan përmes ndërthurjes së lashtë u eliminuan nga procesi evolucionar, një pjesë e vogël mbeti, dhe këto gjene në veçanti do të kishin ndihmuar njerëzit e hershëm modernë të përshtateshin me mjediset e reja kur ata u larguan nga Afrika dhe Euroazia. “Ato gjene të Neandertalëve që jetonin në zonat më të ftohta të botës shërbyen për të rregulluar orën tonë biologjike” është teza e Capra.

Rreth 70 mijë vjet më parë, grupet e Homo Sapiens migruan nga Afrika në Euroazi, deri në Siberi dhe Britaninë e Madhe, ku Neandertalët tashmë ishin përshtatur me klimat më të ftohta, pasi ata kishin pushtuar territoret qindra mijëra vjet më parë. Falë ndërthurjes midis grupeve, njerëzit që jetojnë sot mbajnë deri në 4% të ADN-së së Neandertalit, duke përfshirë gjenet që lidhen me pigmentimin e lëkurës, flokët, yndyrën dhe sistemin imunitar (u zbulua se ADN-ja e Neandertalit do të kishte luajtur një rol në ndikimin e rrjedhës së epidemia e Covid-19)

Studimi krahasoi ADN-në e njerëzve të gjallë me materialin gjenetik të gjetur nga fosilet e Neandertalit, duke zbuluar se Neandertalët mbanin disa nga të njëjtat variante gjenetike të lidhura me orën e trupit si njerëzit e mëngjesit. Për të studiuar ritmet cirkadiane të Neandertalëve, Dr. Capra dhe kolegët e tij ekzaminuan 246 gjene që ndihmojnë në kontrollin e orës biologjike. Ata krahasuan versionet e gjeneve të homininëve të zhdukur me ato të njerëzve modernë dhe zbuluan mbi një mijë mutacione që ishin unike vetëm për njerëzit e gjallë ose Neandertalët. Me analizën e të dhënave nga biobanka britanike e cila përmban gjenomin e gjysmë milioni vullnetarëve. U vu re se pothuajse të gjitha variantet e orës së lashtë biologjike të përgjuara te vullnetarët rritën probabilitetin që këta të fundit të zgjoheshin herët. Studimi është vetëm një hap i parë dhe do të jetë i nevojshëm në krahasim me bankat e tjera bio.

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