Research presents new development model for the world’s third-longest river

The Upper Yangtze River. Credit: Eric Kirby

A new research paper published in Science Advances reveals how changes in the size of the Yangtze River watershed may have led to the carving of deep canyons.

In this study, UNC-Chapel Hill professor Eric Kirby and his co-authors explore the impact of drainage basin expansion on the growth of the Yangtze River.

“This study presents a new model for when and how the Yangtze River was born,” said Kirby, “The Yangtze is one of the world’s great rivers, rising on the Tibetan Plateau at altitudes over 17,000 feet and descending through some of the deepest canyons on the planet toward the East China Sea. The timing of when these canyons were carved is commonly attributed to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, but whether the rivers existed in their present-day configuration has been uncertain.”

Landscape evolution simulations demonstrated that expansion of the Yangtze watershed since the Late Miocene could be responsible for 1 to 2 kilometers of fluvial incision. In addition, increased erosive power associated with capture and basin integration drove accelerated incision during the Late Miocene.

“One key observation is that ancient lakes were present on the top of the plateau. Our work shows that the effect of capturing these lake basins can explain much of the timing of river incision and the depth of those canyons. Essentially, the Yangtze used to be a shorter, smaller river,” Kirby adds.

The study also implies that eastern Tibet was elevated prior to approximately 15 million years ago and the timing of fluvial incision may be out of phase with the growth of plateau topography.

Overview of eastern Tibet with major river catchments and distribution of Miocene lake sediments.(A) Digital elevation map (90 m) of eastern Tibet with catchment areas of the Yellow, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, and Brahmaputra River. The extent of Miocene lake deposits in (27) is highlighted in white polygons, and dashed red and orange lines mark the western former internal drainage boundary and a more easterly potential former plateau margin. (B) Photo illustrates the originally preserved upstream low-relief, high-elevation landscape in eastern Tibet with river meanders. (C) Incised meander belt near Yushu forming up to 2 km of relief. Credit: Science Advances (2023). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1636

More information:
Alexander Rohrmann et al, Accelerated Miocene incision along the Yangtze River driven by headward drainage basin expansion, Science Advances (2023). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1636

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Research presents new development model for the world’s third-longest river (2023, September 22)
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