Surprising Breakthrough: Prostate Drugs Offer New Hope in Dementia Prevention

Prostate drugs such as terazosin may reduce the risk of dementia with Lewy bodies by 40%, according to a study, suggesting their potential beyond prostate health to possibly preventing neurodegenerative diseases.

Research suggests that drugs for enlarged prostate, like terazosin and doxazosin, may also protect against dementia with Lewy bodies by enhancing brain cell energy production.

A study of over 643,000 men showed that those on these drugs had a 40% lower risk of developing DLB, pointing to potential new uses for these medications in neurodegenerative disease prevention.

Prostate Medication’s Potential in Dementia Prevention

Certain drugs commonly used to treat enlarged prostate may also decrease the risk for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), according to a new stuy. This observational finding may seem surprising, but it mirrors previous work by the University of Iowa Health Care team that links the drugs to a protective effect in another neurodegenerative condition–Parkinson’s disease.

The UI researchers think that a specific side effect of the drugs targets a biological flaw shared by DLB and Parkinson’s disease, as well as other neurodegenerative diseases, raising the possibility that they may have broad potential for treating a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions.

“Diseases like dementia with Lewy bodies, or Parkinson’s disease, or Alzheimer’s disease, are debilitating and we don’t really have any good treatments that can modify the disease progression. We can treat symptoms, but we can’t actually slow the disease,” explains lead study author Jacob Simmering, PhD, UI assistant professor of internal medicine. “One of the most exciting things about this study is that we find that same neuroprotective effect that we saw in Parkinson’s disease. If there is a broadly protective mechanism, these medications could potentially be used to manage or prevent other neurodegenerative diseases.”

Jacob Simmering and colleagues show that certain drugs used to treat enlarged prostate are also linked to a decreased risk of developing dementia with Lewy bodies. The University of Iowa study was published online June 19 in Neurology. Credit: University of Iowa Health Care

The new findings will be published online today (June 19, 2024) in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

Understanding DLB and Study Approach

DLB is a neurodegenerative disease that causes substantial and rapid cognitive decline and dementia. While less common than Parkinson’s disease, DLB affects about one in 1,000 people per year, and accounts for 3 to 7% of all dementia cases. Because aging is a key risk factor for DLB, it is likely to become more common as our population gets older.

For the new study, the UI researchers used a large database of patient information to identify more than 643,000 men with no history of DLB who were newly starting one of six drugs used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate).

Three of the drugs, terazosin, doxazosin, and alfuzosin (Tz/Dz/Az), have an unexpected side effect; they can boost energy production in brain cells. Preclinical studies suggest that this ability may help slow or prevent neurodegenerative diseases like PD and DLB.

The other drugs, tamsulosin and two 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) called finasteride and dutasteride, do not enhance energy production in the brain and therefore provide a good comparison to test the effect of the Tz/Dz/Az drugs.

Study Results and Statistical Significance

The team then followed the data on these men from when they started taking the medication until they left the database or developed dementia with Lewy bodies, whichever happened first. On average, the men were followed for about three years.

Because all the participants were selected to start a drug that treats the same condition, the researchers reasoned that the men were likely similar to each other at the outset of the treatment. The researchers also matched the men using propensity scores for characteristics like age, the year they started the medication, and other illnesses they had before staring the treatment, to further reduce the differences between the groups.

“We found that men who took Tz/Az/Dz drugs were less likely to develop a diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies,” Simmering says. “Overall, men taking terazosin-type medications had about a 40% lower risk of developing a DLB diagnosis compared to men taking tamsulosin, and about a 37% reduction in risk compared to men taking five alpha reductase inhibitors.”

Meanwhile, there wasn’t a statistically significant difference in risk between men taking tamsulosin and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors.

Observational Study Limitations

This was an observational study and therefore the results show only an association between taking the Tz/Dz/Az drugs and a reduced risk of developing DLB rather than a causal relationship. In addition, the study only included men because the drugs are prescribed for prostate problems, which means that the researchers don’t know if the findings would apply to women. However, Simmering and his colleagues are excited by the potential of these drugs, which are already FDA approved, inexpensive, and have been used safely for decades.

“If terazosin and these similar medications can help slow this progression—if not outright preventing the disease—this would be important to preserving cognitive function and quality of life in people with DLB,” Simmering says.

Reference: “Association of Terazosin, Doxazosin, or Alfuzosin Use and Risk of Dementia With Lewy Bodies in Men” 19 June 2024, Neurology.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209570

In addition to Simmering, the team included UI neuroscience researchers Nandakumar Narayanan, MD, PhD, Georgina Aldridge, MD, PhD, and Qiang Zhang, MD, and Alexander Hart, MD, who is now at University of Michigan.

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