This page describes the JSON Lines text format, also called newline-delimited JSON.
JSON Lines is a convenient format for storing structured data that may be processed
one record at a time. It works well with unix-style text processing tools and shell
pipelines. It’s a great format for log files. It’s also a flexible format for passing
messages between cooperating processes.
The JSON Lines format has three requirements:
1. UTF-8 Encoding
JSON allows encoding Unicode strings with only ASCII escape sequences, however those
escapes will be hard to read when viewed in a text editor. The author of the JSON Lines
file may choose to escape characters to work with plain ASCII files.
Encodings other than UTF-8 are very unlikely to be valid when decoded as UTF-8 so the chance
of accidentally misinterpreting characters
in JSON Lines files is low.
2. Each Line is a Valid JSON Value
The most common values will be objects or arrays, but any JSON value is permitted.
See json.org for more information about JSON values.
3. Line Separator is ‘n’
This means ‘rn’ is also supported because surrounding white space is
implicitly ignored when parsing JSON values.
The last character in the file may be a line separator, and it will be treated
the same as if there was no line separator present.
4. Suggested Conventions
JSON Lines files may be saved with the file extension .jsonl.
Stream compressors like gzip or bzip2 are recommended for
saving space, resulting in .jsonl.gz or .jsonl.bz2 files.
MIME type may be application/jsonl, but this is not yet standardized; any help
writing the RFC would be greatly appreciated (see issue).
Text editing programs call the first line of a text file “line 1”. The first value in a
JSON Lines file should also be called “value 1”.
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